Bismillahirrahmanirraheem
AURAT KA MAQAAM (STATUS OF WOMENS) IN ISLAM:
BETI (DAUGHTERS) KI FAZEELAT:
Maa ka jo darja hai usko bayaan karne ki zarurat nahi kyonki sab jaante hain ki maa ka darja bahut buland hai
aurat ka ek aur kirdaar (role) beti ki soorat me hai, ye tareekhi(historic) haqiqat hai ke islam se pahle aur islam ke baad ghair muslim(non muslim) muashre me ladki aur beti ke wajood ko accha nahi samjha gaya, balke unko zinda dafan kar dene, paida hote hi khatm kar dene aur unki paidaish par afsos mahsoos karne ke waaqeyaat tareekh ke panno(pages) par bikhre pade hain,
quran majeed ne intehaai purzor andaz me betiyon ki is zinda dargori(dafan) ke khilaaf aawaaz buland ki ke , qayamat ke din ye sawaal zaroor hoga ke betiyon ko kis jurm me maara gaya tha...
Irshaad rabbani hai
" aur jab zinda dafan ki jaane waali ladki se poocha jaayega ke wah kis gunah ki paadaash me maari gayi"
(surah takweer ayat 5-8)
betion ko devta'on ko bali (nazr) par bhent chadhaaya jaata tha...
Quraan ne usko barbaadi ka tareeqa bataaya.
" aur isi tarah bahut se mushrikon ke liye unke shareekon ne apni aulaad ke qatal ko khushnuwa bana diya hai, taake unko halaakat me mubtala karen aur inpar unke deen ko mushtabah bana den"
(surah anaam 137)
quran majeed ne aise logon ko nafsiyaati bimari ka khulaasa kiya hai, jinko bachi(betiyon) ki paidaish ki khabar milti hai toh gham wa ghusse se unke chehre siyaah(black) jo jaate hain aur beti ki paidaish ki khushkhabri par bajaaye khushi ke kudte rahte hain, aur unki samjh me nahi aata ke wah kiya karen, is zillat ko bardaasht karen ya phir usko zameen me dafan kar den
is bimari ke baare me allah ka irshaad hai
" aur jab inme se kisi ko beti ki khushkhabri di jaati hai toh uska chehra siyah ho jaata hai aur ghusse ke ghoont peeta hai, wah logon se is Khuskhabri ki takleef ki wajah se chhupta firta hai,(sochta hai) ke zillat ke saath beti ko liye rahe ya mitti me daba de"
(Quraan)
islam ne in betiyon ko bajaaye aar wa sharm ke jannat ke hasil karne ka sabab bana diya hai
sahih hadith me hai
" in bachhon ke baare me jis shakhs ki kuch bhi aazmaish ki gayi aur usne inse accha sulook kiya toh ye bacchiyan uske liye jahannum se hijaab ban jaayengi"
(tirmizi)
ek aur riwayat ke mutabik qayamat ke din rasoollullah sallaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) se ek aisa shakhs intehaai qareeb hoga jisne do bacchon ki parwarish aur tarbiyat ki ho
tirmiz ki hadith me hai ke jisne 3 bahno aur betiyon ya do bahno aur betiyon ki umdah taur par parwarish ki toh jannat uski hogi..
Irshaad hai
" jisne 3 betiyon ya 3 bahno ya do bahno ya do betiyon ki parwarish ki, unko tahzeeb sikhaayi, unse accha bartaao kiya, toh uske liye jannat hai"
(tirmizi)
ek aur riwayaat me Saaf taur par ye alfaaz hai ke jis shakhs ke ghar me beti hui phir usne usko zinda dafan nahi kiya, unko zaleel nahi samjha, beton ko uspar tarjeeh nahi di toh allah taala usko uske ajar me jannat me daakhil karega
BIWI KA DARJAH: (STATUS OF WIFE)
Biwi ka darja chunke muashre ki taameer wa tashkeel me sabse zyada aur aham hota hai, isliye uske mutaallik ahkaam bhi zyadah hain,
surah baqarah, surah nisa, surah noor, surah talaaq me is qism ke bahut se ayaten aayi hain,
ham inme se kuch ko naqal karte hain taake biwi ki ahmiyat uski fitrat wa salaahiyat aur uske mutaallik huqooq wa faraiz ki wazaahat ho sake,
biwi ka wajood baa'as taskeen hai aur ye sukoon aapas ki muhabbat aur murawwat se haasil ho sakta hai
allah ka farmaan hai
" khuda ki nishaaniyon mese ye hai ke tumhare liye tum hi mese jode(pairs) banaaye hain, taake tum unse sukoon haasil karo, aur khuda ne tumhare darmiyan maudat wa Rahmat banaayi hai"
(surah ar room 21)
biwi ke saath bhalaai ke saath zindagi basar karna chahiye, biwi ki baatein nagawaar hoti hain toh ho sakta hai ke usi me khair aur bahtari chhupi ho
allah ka irshaad hai
" in (biwion) ke saath acche tareeqe se zindagi basar karo, agar tum unko napasand karte ho toh ho sakta hai kisi cheez ko tum bura samjhte ho aur allah taala ne usme khair kaseer rakha ho"
(surah nisa 19)
mufassir ne is aayat ki tafseer me likha hai ke shauhar par mahar aur nafqah ke jn huqooq hain unko poora kare, durust kalaami se aa'raaz aur ghair aurat ki taraf mel jol ki wajah se usko aziyat na de, biwi ke liye isi tarah ke huqooq shauhar par hai, jis tarah ke huqooq shauhar ke biwi par hain..... Yaani ek dusre ke saath accha sulook kiya jaaye.....
Allah ka irshaad hai:
" in aurton ke huqooq aise hi hain jaise unpar (mardon) ke huqooq hain, acche taur par"
(surah baqarah 228)
Imam qurtubi is ayat ki tashrih likhte hain ke:-" mardon ke huqooq zaujiyat usi tarah hai, jis tarah aurton par mardon ke huqooq hain, isi liye hz abdullah bin abbas ra ne ek baar farmaya:- main apni biwi ke liye usi tarah sajta hun jis tarah wah mere liye sawarti hai, aur jis tarah main ye chahta hun ke wah mera haq poori tarah ada kare usi tarah wah uska akhtiyaar rakhti hai ke wah apna haq poori tarah wasool kare "
hz ibn abbas ra se ek riwayat manqool hai ke mardon par aurton ka haq ye hai ke unke saath husn sohbat aur khush muamlagi ka salook kare..
Ibn zaid ne is aayat ki tafseer me likha hai ke:-" aurton ke baare me allah taala se daro aur usi tarah wah tumhare baare me allah se dare
allah ka farman hai:
" mardon ke liye unke aamaal ka hissa hai aur aurton ke liye unke aamaal ka hissa hai"
(quran)
shauhar aur biwi dono yaksa taur par apni apni hasti, apne faraiz, wa amal ke nataij rakhte Hain, duniya me allah taala ek giroh ko dusre giroh par kisi na kisi khaas baat ki bina par fauqiyat deta hai, fitri taur par aurat ki har zarooratein mardon ke zariye poori hoti hain,
isliye zimmedaari aur kaarghuzaari me sarbaraahi ka haq kudrati taur par mardon ko haasil hai
"mard, aurton ke haakim( zindagi ka bando bast karne waale) hain, isliye ke allah ne unke ba'az ko ba'az fazilat di hai"
(surah nisa)
" mardon ka aurton par ek khaas darja hai"
(surah baqarah 288)
imam qurtubi likhte hain ke:-" mard ka darja isliye buland hai ke wah aqal me, kharch karne ki taaqat me, diyat, meeraas, aur jihaad me baaz haisiyaton se aurton par ghalba rakhte hain, lekin hz ibn abbas ra ki ek raaye ye bhi hai ke darja ki is bartari se ye ishaara milta hai ke mardon ko aurton ke saath husn ma'aashrat par ubhaara jaaye aur aurton ke saath akhlaaqi aur aqtasaadi dono tarah se kushaadgi ka salook kiya jaaye..
Yani jo afzal hai use in akhlaaq aaliyah ka ziyaadah bada namoona hona chahiye...
Dar'asal bunyadi baat ye hai ke dono ek dusre ke liye naghazeer hai, dono ki zindagi ek dusre se waabasta hai, isliye zaroorat aur maqsad me dono yaksa aur masaawi hain
allah ka irshaad hai
" wah tumhara libaas hai aur tum unka libaas ho"
(surah baqarah 23)
is ayat ki tafseer me mufassireen ne mukhtalif raaye bayaan ki hai,
ham yaha maulana sayyed suleman nadwi rh ki ek tahreer naqal karte hain, wah is ayat ki tashreeh me likhte hain:-" mard, aurat ek dusre se mila kar allah taala ne donon ke jinsi milaan ko unki ma'aashi aur muaashrati kami ki takmeel ka zariyah banaaya hai, isliye ye ek dusre ke saath laazim, ek dusre ke pard o pesh, ek dusre ki zeenat aur ek dusre ki takmeel ka zariyah hai...."
is ayat me kai maane poseedah hain,
quran majeed ki chand aayaten ko hamne mukhtasar pesh ki hain, lekin unse ye Ilzaam baatil ho jaata hai ke islaami muaashre me aurton ke saath zillat ka sulook kiya jaata hai...
HADITH E NABAWI AUR AURTON KE HUQOOQ
Quraan majeed ke baad shariat ka dusra sabse bada maakhaz " hadith e nabwi" hai, hadith ki tamaam kitaabon aur majmuon me aurton ke saath husn sulook karne ke baab maujood hain,
un saari hadithon ko yahan par pesh nahi kiya ja sakta, lekin kuch hadith ham pesh karne ki zarurat mahsoos karte hain,
ye hadithon mashoor maaroof hain, islaam ka har taalib e ilm unse waaqif hai, magar jab ye dawa kiya jaata hai ke islam me aurton ke saath hikarat wa nafrat karna ek aham nuqta hai toh phir yaad daasht me taazgi laane ke liye in hadithon par dobaara nazar daalna zaroori hai
"koi momin mard kisi momin biwi se nafrat na kare agar wah uski kisi aadat ko napasand karega to kisi dusre aadat se khush bhi hoga"
(hadith)
aap sallalaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) ne farmaya:-" Jab khaana khaaya to use khilaaye, libaas pahne use bhi pahna, uske muh par na maar aur bura na kah aur baatcheet tark kare to sirf ghar ki hadh tak"
(abu dawood)
" aurat apne shauhar ke ghar aur uski aulad ki rakhwaali hai"
(bukhari,muslim)
in quraani aayat aur hadith ki roshni me islami muaashre me aurat ki haisiyat ka sahih jayeza ho jaata hai, wah ek maa, beti, aur biwi ki haisiyat se apne huqooq wa faraiz ki muthamal hai,
lihaaza ye baat roz roshan ki tarah saaf hai ke islam ne muashrah me aurat ko jo maqaam diya hai wah maqaam dunya ka koi mazhab aurat ko nahi de sakta......
